Methane (CH₄) is a major greenhouse gas (GHG), accounting for approximately 17% of global warming, with a relative global warming potential 34 times more powerful than carbon dioxide (CO₂) on a mass basis. Wetland systems are considered to be the largest natural source of CH₄ emitted to the atmosphere, with CH₄ fluxes determined through analysis the balance of CH₄ production by methanogens under anoxic conditions, and CH₄ oxidation by methanotrophs under aerobic conditions. Human activities, such as fossil-fuel combustion and nitrogen fertilizer application, have resulted in much higher nitrogen and sulfate loads in wetlands. Although estuarine tidal marshes are important contributors to GHG emissions, the relationships between CH₄ production, oxidation, and nitrogen and sulfate enrichment have not been thoroughly investigated in these environments. Using laboratory incubation techniques, the short-term effects of nitrogen and sulfate addition on soil CH₄ production and oxidation of the tidal Cyperus malaccensis wetlands of the Min River estuary were measured in July 2015, and the soil physical and chemical properties were examined following nitrogen and sulfate treatments. Under anoxic conditions, CH₄ production rates in the NH₄Cl (N1) and NH₄NO₃ (N3) treatments at different stages increased by 136.70% and 136.55%, respectively, which were significantly higher than in the control treatment (P < 0.05). CH₄ production rates in soils under the NH₄Cl+K₂SO₄ (NS1) and NH₄NO₃+K₂SO₄ (NS1) treatments increased after the 3rd, 6th, 12th, 15th, and 18th days following incubation. However, there were no significant differences in the KNO₃ (N2), K₂SO₄ (S), and KNO₃+K₂SO₄ (NS2) treatments compared with the control. Under aerobic conditions, CH₄ oxidation rates in the N2, N3, NS2, and NS3 treatments increased by 145.30%, 142.93%, 139.48%, and 112.68%,respectively, compared with the control, whereas CH₄ oxidation rates in the N1 and S treatments decreased by 16.54% and 20.99%, respectively, compared to the control treatment, although no significant differences were observed across the treatments. During the incubation period, daily CH₄ production and oxidation initially increased with incubation time but then decreased in different nitrogen and sulfate treatments, with the magnitudes of both CH₄ production and oxidation exhibiting similar temporal patterns across treatments. There were no significant differences in soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), electrical conductivity, and pH among the different treatments (P < 0.05) following short-term incubation; however, ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) concentrations increased significantly in the N1, N3, NS1, and NS3 treatments (P < 0.05); nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) concentrations increased significantly in soils under the N2, N3, NS2, and NS3 (P < 0.05); and sulfate (SO₄^2-) concentrations increased significantly in soils under the S, NS1, NS2, and NS3 treatments (P < 0.05). Correlation analyses indicated that DOC, NH₄⁺-N, and NO₃^--N were the main driving factors influencing the production and oxidation of CH₄ in the Min River estuary tidal wetlands.