Mining valuable resources in municipal waste is often used to exploit and manage waste across the world. Industrial symbiosis is a strategic tool that can promote green economic development and improve resource efficiency, which has become important aspects of waste resource utilization. This study introduces industrial symbiosis theory to municipal waste resource recycling, promotes the concept of municipal waste recycling symbiosis network, and summarizes the typical characteristics of a municipal waste recycling symbiosis network into "four unifications". These are the unification of the value network and the responsibility network, unification of cluster symbiosis and virtual symbiosis, unification of robustness and vulnerability, and unification of self-organization and subject constructiveness. A theoretical model, based on super network theory, was built to architecturally analyze a municipal waste recycling symbiosis network. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the model, this study undertook a detailed analysis of the model using the symbiotic unit, the symbiotic mode, the symbiotic interface, and the symbiotic environment. The model suggests that the symbiosis network for municipal waste recycling can be divided into two networks: the core network and the peripheral network. The core network consists of suppliers, recyclers, resource enterprises, and regeneration enterprises, whereas the peripheral network consists of governments, financial institutions, university research institutes, media outlets, industrial associations, and intermediary agencies. There is a comprehensive and multi-level cooperation mechanism between the two networks. Furthermore, the symbiotic unit is very diverse and has multi-level characteristics. There are different types of symbiotic relationships between symbiotic units with varying efficiency. Consequently, it is important to move primary symbiosis towards symmetric reciprocal and integrated symbiosis when attempting to solve municipal waste recycling problems. In the symbiosis network for municipal waste recycling, the symbiotic interface has material exchange, energy transfer, information sharing, knowledge dissemination, and interest coordination functions. The evolution of the symbiosis relationship and the functional efficiency of the symbiosis interface rely on a good quality symbiotic environment. In addition, there are four operation modes for a municipal waste recycling symbiosis network. These are the reliant, equal, nested, and virtual modes. A typical case analysis in China showed that these four operation modes coexist over the longer term.