The construction of the coal-electricity base area in Xilinguole League, Inner Mongolia, plays an important role in the regional energy security in northern and eastern China, and in the improvement of the regional ecological environment. In contrast, the development of the coal-electricity base also has adverse effects on the typical grassland region, which is an important ecological barrier. This study investigated the regional ecological sensitivity, ecological elasticity, and ecological pressure of the coal-electricity base; a model of regional ecological fragility was constructed on the basis of the three indexes. An evaluation of the regional ecological fragility was performed. The results demonstrated that the ecological environment quality of Xilinguole League is generally good; however, it was found to worsen from the northeast to the southwest. This study of Xilinguole league has positive implications for the development and construction of a large national coal-electricity base, and provides theoretical support to coordinated development and environment protection in the region.