Exbucklandia tonkinensis primarily distributed from the southern subtropical region as far south as Hainan Island to the southern boundary of the mid-subtropical region, as far north as Jinggangshan and Taoyuandong areas in the midsection of the Luoxiao Mountains is a typical population of the evergreen broad-leaved forest. In accordance with the altitudinal zonalization distribution (Bawangling in Hainan Province, Heishiding in Guangdong Province, Nanling in Guangdong Province, Jinpenshan in Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan in Jiangxi Province, and Taoyuandong in Hunan Province) and their ecological community characteristics, six representative Exbucklandia tonkinensis communities were investigated. The results indicated as following: (1) High species diversity was showed in all of the six E. tonkinensis communities, especially in Jinpenshan (9 families, 10 genera, and 11 species of ferns, and 42 families, 78 genera, and 128 species of seed plants) and Taoyuandong (9 families, 11 genera, and 12 species of ferns, and 41 families, 79 genera, and 134 species of seed plants). The dominant families of the E. tonkinensis communities were concentrated in Hamamelidaceae, Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae, Ericaceae, and Symplocaceae. (2) In terms of floristic phytogeography and environmental gradient, the E. Tonkinensis communities were typically centered in the south subtropical zone expressed as the declined values of the Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Evenness index while extend to the south or north from the centre zone. For instance, the Shannon-Wiener index of Bawangling, Heishiding, Nanling, Jinpenshan, Jinggangshan, and Taoyuandong plots was 3.453, 4.021, 4.130, 3.790, 3.415, and 3.712, respectively. (3) Based on the cluster analysis, the six E. tonkinensis communities are formed into two series along the latitudinal and altitudinal gradient, which the former is Heishiding, Jinpenshan, Jinggangshan, and Taoyuandong, with a similarity coefficient >0.51, and the latter is Nanling and Bawangling, with a similarity coefficient <0.50 (i.e., 0.33-0.48). (4) The species composition of the six E. Tonkinensis communities was very similar in terms of floristic phylogeography, indicating an obvious subtropical property. Furthermore, the tropical component of seed plant genera which was affected by altitude, topography, temperature, rainfall conditions, and other factors was volatility decreased with increasing latitude. And (5) The importance value and size structure of E. tonkinensis populations in each of the six communities are basically, consistent with no significant correlation with differences in latitudinal zonalization. The size structure of the E. tonkinensis population in Bawangling indicating the population was growing, while the importance value of which was 32, indicating that the population dominance decreased southward. The E. tonkinensis population of Nanling, Heishiding, Jinpenshan, and Taoyuandong were predominated and their size structure indicated that the population was stable. Although the importance value of the E. tonkinensis population in Jinggangshan was the highest, the population was declining because of human interference.