To explore the impact of continuous flooding on mineral element distribution patterns in modules, and the nutrient acclimation strategy of Phyllostachys rivalis to flooding stress, we examined the responses of 2-year old P. rivalis under three flooding depths (normal water supply (CK), water level above the culture medium at 5 cm (I) and 10 cm (II)). We measured the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in Ph. rivalis modules after flooding treatment for 90, 180, and 360 d. The results showed that: 1) flooding depth and duration significantly affected the C content in modules. The C content in leaves, branches, and roots increased significantly (P < 0.05) than that of the control at 90 d of flooding. With prolonged flooding, the C content did not differ significantly from that of the control at 180 d, but decreased significantly at 360 d; 2) continuous flooding significantly affected the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, and Mg in Ph. rivalis modules. The combined interactions among treatment time, flooding depth, and modules significantly affected the mineral element contents. At 90 d of flooding, the N, P, Ca, Fe, and Mg contents in leaves increased, whereas the N and P contents decreased significantly. All these elements in modules decreased significantly, except the elevated K, Fe, and Mg contents in roots at 180 and 360 d of flooding; 3) the correlation coefficients of C-K, N-K, P-K, Fe-Ca, and Fe-Mg in I increased, which suggested the synergistic effect of mineral elements was enhanced at water depths of 5 cm, whereas those correlation coefficients decreased in II, implying a decreased synergistic effect with increased water depth to 10 cm; 4) flooding significantly increased the C/N and C/P in leaves than that of control (P < 0.05), whereas N/P in leaves remained unaffected (P > 0.05), suggesting a relatively high intrinsic stability of Ph. rivalis under flooding stress. The results indicated that continuous flooding influenced the absorption capacity of mineral elements by Ph. rivalis roots, but promoted the acropetal translocation of mineral elements, which could maintain the C assimilation capacity and mineral element homeostasis of Ph. rivalis grown under continuous flooding stress.