Humans meet their needs and improve their well-being through the consumption of ecosystem services; thus, sustainable supply of ecosystem services is fundamental for the sustainable development of society and nature. Therefore, for effective ecosystem management, land development planning, and rational allocation of resources it is necessary to understand ecosystem services demand, consumption, supply, and supply-demand relations. Firstly, this study analyzed the characteristics of ecosystem services demand, supply, and consumption, as well as the relationship between the effective/potential demand and supply. Subsequently, the research framework of ecosystem services demand and supply was established, which showed that different regions could regulate ecosystem services supply to achieve maximum utility according to local conditions, based on the results of spatial correlation between ecosystem service supply and demand and demand elasticity differences. Furthermore, the measured indicators and approaches for quantifying ecosystem service supply and demand were reviewed and compared, including supply and demand relationship matrix methods based on land use and land cover, ecological footprint approaches, and public participation methods and model calculations. Finally, future research directions were suggested, including demand elasticity differences among different human groups, interdisciplinary quantitative evaluation methods of ecosystem service demands with multisource data, the analysis of multiple spatiotemporal interactions between supply and demand of ecosystem services, and coupling mechanisms of ecosystem service demands and human well-being, which could provide a practical scientific foundation for the regulation and management of ecosystem services and sustainable society development.