On the basis of the definition of ecological civilization and the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Accelerating the Ecological Civilization Construction and with reference to some scholars' and research institutions' contributions, we selected 25 operable evaluation criteria at provincial level in this study to construct an evaluation system of laterally comparable criteria with the primary criterion featuring land space optimization, resource intensive use and ecological environmental protection, and to conduct quantitative analysis of the performance of China's provincial ecological civilization construction by joint use of analytic network process (ANP) and set pair analysis (SPA) method. On this basis, with the performances of land space optimization, resource intensive use, and ecological environmental protection as the output indicators and the number of employees, fiscal expenditures on science and technology, on energy saving and environmental protection as the input indicators, we measured the ecological civilization construction efficiency of provinces (or municipalities) and analyzed indicators input redundancy and output deficiency with data envelopment analysis(DEA), and revised the evaluation of performance. We have also done a great deal of work on exploratory research for the ecological civilization construction pursuing both quantity and quality. It shows that:(1) there are 24 provinces with scale efficiency lower than 0.6, accounting for 80%. Low scale efficiency is a major obstacle to improve the construction of ecological civilization in most regions; (2) when it comes to input redundancy and output deficiency in ecological civilization construction, provinces (or municipalities) with higher scale efficiency are obviously regionally concentrated in geographical distribution; (3) the leading regions have an average score of 3.92 in the performance of resource intensive use, while the backward regions only get 0.84 on average. The difference is evident in the aspect of resource intensive use; (4) large population, green ecological space construction that lags behind the economic development and low water utilization efficiency are still the weaknesses of the ecologically strong provinces (or municipalities).