The soil fauna community characteristics of the lower Changbai Mountains were investigated, as well as their response to changes in environmental factors. Soil fauna from four habitats, including the secondary boreonemoral zone, secondary deciduous broad-leaf forest, Mongolia oak forest, and farmland in Changbai low-mountain area, were studied in the spring (May), summer (July) and fall (September) of 2014. Overall, 30445 individuals were captured. These belonged to 3 phyla, 6 classes, 22 orders, and 52 families. The soil fauna density and their group numbers differed among the habitats with seasonal fluctuations. The structure of the farmland soil fauna community was the simplest among all habitats. Seasonal fluctuations of macro-fauna density were high. For micro-fauna, both the seasonal fluctuation in density and group numbers were high. The biodiversity analyses showed that in these biotopes, the soil fauna community in the secondary deciduous broad-leaf forest has the highest diversity and richness indices. In contrast, the diversity and richness indices were the lowest in the farmland habitat. Seasonal fluctuations in diversity and richness indices were high for micro-fauna. The differences in these indices between spring, summer, and fall were apparent, although less profound for the macro-fauna. Using Pearson correlation analyses between the macro- or micro-fauna and 13 soil environmental factors, we showed that the response of macro-fauna to soil temperature and soil humidity was positive. Especially the macro-fauna density and soil temperature have an obvious positive correlation, as well as the micro-fauna density and group number and soil temperature. Furthermore, the response of soil fauna to pH was weak, but soil fauna and organic matter had an obvious positive correlation. Finally, the response of soil fauna to Total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium was strong, as well as the response from macro-fauna to available N, P, and K. Finally, the relationship between micro-fauna group number and available N, P, and K was strong, but weaker for Ca and Mg, and with a highly negative correlation to Mn.