Bryophytes are sensitivity to the changes in the environment, exhibit high degree of adaptability and ability to reproduce, and play an important role as bioagents in monitoring of the ecological environment and ecological restoration. In the present study, the relationship between species composition and environment variables was elucidated by the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), regression analysis and Hongfeng river field survey. Partial CCA was used to calculate the gross and net effects on species richness to each environmental variable. The number of bryophytes and composition similarity of species increased along with the increasing area and height of islands (Yejipo, Gantianbian Island1, Xinzhuang Island1, Hongfeng river island1, Yuanyang island1, Yuanyang island2, Hongfeng river island2, Xinzhuang island2 and Ganbiantian island2 with less human disturbance) but declined with increasing island shape index and the closest distance of island from land. Eight environmental variables totally explained 35.6% of total variation in species composition, of which the net effects of matrix, slope, herbcov, aspect, canopy, human disturbance, moisture and altitude on species composition were significant (P<0.05), however, the intensity of their effect decreased successively. Eurohypnum leptothallum is the most dominate species with little impact from environment, emerge in 77.7% of samples and coverage of at least 19.2%.