Apple has larger planting area than any other fruit in China. Analyzing the decadal changes in the distribution of cultivation areas with climate suitable for apple under the background of climate change can provide a reference for the rational use of climate resources and adaptation to climate change. In this paper, we established a model by examining the relationship between Fuji apple cultivation distribution and climate, based on meteorological data from 1961 to 2010 at 2084 meteorological stations and the geographic planting distribution of Fuji apple in China together with the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and the ArcGIS spatial analysis technique. The decadal change characteristics of the distribution of Fuji apple cultivation areas in China from 1961 to 2010 and areas sensitive to climate change were explored using the model. The results showed that climate change has led to the northward movement of planting boundaries and areas with climate suitable for Fuji apple, with westward expansion of the areas with suitable climate. There was an obvious decadal change in areas with climate suitable for the cultivation of Fuji apple and this area increased significantly, especially in the 1990s. The cultivation area with suitable climate was 36% higher in the 2010s than in the 1960s; however, the optimum cultivation area fluctuated with decadal change. The optimum cultivation area in the 2010s was slightly higher than that in the 1960s, but was 25% lower than those in the 1970s-1980s. The most climate change-sensitive cultivation area of Fuji apple was principally found in southern Liaoning, southern Shandong, and northern Jiangsu, and on the southeastern Henan northwestern Loess Plateau and the contiguous area of the Sichuan-Shaanxi province. Annual sunshine hours and thermal conditions had significant effects on the areas with climate suitable for the cultivation of Fuji apple. Overall, climate change can act to increase the area suitable for cultivation of Fuji apple, but can adversely affect the stability of the optimum cultivation area.