The objective was to examine the effects of global climate change inducing precipitation pattern change on soil respiration (Rs) of Pinus yunnanensis plantation in dry river valley area of China(Shimian, Yaan, Sichuan). Based on average annual precipitation, Four treatments were set, ie, CK(natural state,0 mm m^-2 a^-1), A1(increasing precipitation 10%, 80 mm m^-2 a^-1), A2(increasing precipitation 20%, 160 mm m^-2 a^-1) and A3(increasing precipitation 30%, 240 mm m^-2 a^-1). Soil respiration rate was measured using LI-8100 monthly from Jun, 2013 to May, 2014. Results indicate that soil respiration rate exhibited obvious seasonal variation in Pinus yunnanensis plantation, with the maximum in July and the minimum in February. Precipitation increase treatment significantly increased Rs in A2 (by 12.88%), significantly decreased Rs in A3 (by 17.71%), and did not significantly affect Rs in A1. Soil respiration Q₁₀ value calculated from soil temperature was increased under precipitation increase treatments. The relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture was weakened. Compared with soil temperature, soil moisture had less effect on the soil respiration. In wet season, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were increased significantly by increasing precipitation. In dry season, only MBN decreased significantly under precipitation treatments. Therefore, there was a significant effect of different increasing precipitation on soil respiration in a Pinus yunnanensis plantation in the dry river valley area. Moderate increasing rainfall would promote soil respiration, while superfluous increasing rainfall would inhibit soil respiration.