The changes of soil labile organic carbon and Carbon pool management index (CMPI) under different ecological restoration patterns can provide valuable information for evaluating the effects of ecological restoration measures on soil quality improvement, and screening optimized ecological restoration patterns on desertification forest and grassland. In this study, soil labile organic carbon fractions and CPMI were investigated by applying field investigations and laboratory analyses to desertification grassland receiving different patterns of ecological restoration in Zoige. Three main ecological restoration patterns were used to control desertification of grassland in Zoige, including shrub-grass intercrop pattern I (stripe Tamarix ramosissima incteropping herbs, such as Poa pratensis, Elymus nutan and Ajuga lupulina, SGI), shrub-grass intercrop pattern II (circular Tamarix ramosissima incteropping herbs, such as Poa pratensis, Cremanthodium reniforme, Cirsium japonicum, Daucus carota and Vicia sepium, SGII), and the sand-barrier plus shrub-grass intercrop pattern (the sand-barriers of Tamarix ramosissima plus Tamarix ramosissima incteropping herbs, such as Tamarix ramosissima, Poa pratensis, Elymus nutan, Ajuga lupulina, Daucus carota, SBSG).The results showed that the values of soil organic carbon and its labile fractions contents were higher in the three ecological restoration grasslands than in the desertification grassland without ecological restoration measures (DG). Compared to the DG, the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon(DOC), easily oxidized organic carbon(EOC), and particulate organic carbon(POC) in whole profile under the SGI pattern were increased by 36.6%, 139.0%, 89.4%, 130.9%, respectively, and those in the SGII pattern were increased by 2.7%, -43.9%,15.0%,49.7%, respectively, and those in the SBSG pattern were increased by 82.4%,21.8%,56.2%,170.3%, respectively. This indicated that the ecological restoration patterns of SGI and SBSG were similarly effective at improving soil organic carbon, and both were superior to the SGII pattern. The distributed proportions of soil active organic carbon between the three ecological restoration and desertification grassland were difference, for instance the distributed proportion of DOC presented a vertical fractionation in the SGI pattern. The values of CPMI under three ecological restoration patterns were exceeded 100%. This implied that soil quality can be improved by the three ecological restoration patterns, and the order of the improved level was SGI (CPMI, 182.5%) > SGII (CPMI, 157.1%) > SBSG (CPMI, 129.9%). The results suggest that soil easily oxidized organic carbon can be used as an optimized index to reflect changes of soil quality in different ecological restoration grasslands, and soil CPMI can be used to characterize the improved effectiveness of ecological restoration measures on soil quality.