Cymbidium tortisepalum is an endemic and endangered orchid species in southwestern China. Twenty-eight native populations of Cymbidium tortisepalum in northwest Yunnan Province were studied from August to October in 2013 and 2014. Native Cymbidium tortisepalum were distributed in elevations 1380-2557 m; The number of leaves, scape length, petal length, petal width, and sepal length were all negatively correlated with altitude (P<0.01); leaf length (P<0.05), height (P<0.05), and scape length (P<0.01) were all positively correlated with the average annual temperature. Leaf width (P<0.05), height (P<0.05), scape length (P<0.05), and leaf length (P<0.01) were all positively correlated with air humidity. Moreover, it was observed that the higher the altitude, the smaller the plant; the higher the average temperature or air humidity, the longer and wider the leaf blade; the taller the plant, the longer the scape; the stronger the radiation intensity, the shorter the blade; and the more dwarfed the plant, the more developed the root. The great changes among populations in wild Cymbidium leaf length, leaf width, plant height, root length and scape length. The coefficient of variation was greater than 15%, which indicates that there is a wide range of ecological adaptability, a large variation in morphology and the plant dwarfing serious, it is urgent to strengthen in situ and ex situ conservation. The effects of ecological factors, including altitude and temperature, on the characteristics of wild Cymbidium tortisepalum provide a theoretical basis for the further protection of wild Cymbidium tortisepalum.