Wind erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems in Inner Mongolia. Based on the analysis of land use change characteristics from 2000 to 2010 in Inner Mongolia, we quantify ecosystem sand fixation service in 2000 and 2010, and its changes by using revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ). Between 2000 and 2010 the areas of forest/shrub and urban increased with the decrease of grassland and wetland area. The ecosystem sand fixation service increased by 17.75% druing 2000-2010. The grassland coverage increased and the ability of grassland fixing sand increased by about 25 million tons per year correspondingly. However, the sand fixation ability of forest decreased due to the conversion from farmland and grassland to forest, which resulted in surface destruction in the short term. Other land use changes, including farmland reclamation, urban expansion, desertification, wetland and grassland degradation, also decreased ecosystem sand fixation service by about 19 million tons per year.Our results suggest ecosystem sand fixation service increased during 2000-2010 in Inner Mongolia due to the forest/shrub area and grassland coverage increase. However, it shouldn't be neglected the impacts of fast urbanization, grassland and wetland loss on ecosystem services. Effective measures should be taken to tradeoff the urbanization, agricultural development and ecosystem service conservation.