Houhe National Nature Reserve is located in the junction of Hubei and Hunan provinces (29°59'-30°10'N, 110°22'-110°52'E) in the Wuling mountains adjacent to Hupingshan National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province. The favorable natural environment of Houhe National Nature Reserve provides good conditions for insect reproduction. A field investigation of moth diversity was performed in this Reserve, with sampling locations in Maoping, Wantan, and Duling. Light traps were used to collect moth samples, and the specimens were identified in the laboratory. Indices of species richness (S), diversity (H), evenness (J), and dominance (D) of the community were examined at the family, genus, and species levels in spring, summer, and autumn by assessing α-diversity. A total of 227 species belonging to 173 genera in 21 families were collected. Noctuidae was the richest family (S=62). The S value of Geometridae was 58, and that of Pyralidae was 25. However, Geometridae had the largest number of individuals (n=423), followed by Arctiidae (n=351) and Noctuidae (n=336). The dominant species in Houhe National Nature Reserve were Zeuzera caffeae Nietner, Seudyra flavida Leech, Agylla ramelana (Moore), and Eilema flavicosta (Moore). The richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance indices of the moth community changed seasonally. Species richness and diversity were highest in summer, while evenness and dominance were highest in spring. Species richness in summer was 117, and summer H values for family, genus, and species were 2.22, 4.05, and 4.29, respectively. The evenness and dominance indices in spring were 2.40 and 0.12, respectively. From these results, we conclude that the environmental quality in Houhe National Nature Reserve is good.