Gazellasubgutturosa is classified as a vulnerable species in China. Assessment of the quality of critical habitat for G. subgutturosa is therefore of great importance. Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve (ELWNR) was selected as the target area for current assessment. Using the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique,based on the data obtained from field surveys ofG. subgutturosa in different seasons throughout the year, the factors ofG. subgutturosa habitat were analyzed and habitat suitability was assessed. The main results and conclusions were summarized as follows. A criterion for the assessment of G. subgutturosa habitat suitability was established based on waterhead and vegetation factors, and was used to assess the suitability of the ELWNR for G. subgutturosa habitat. Spatial statistical analysissuggested that the waterhead and vegetation were two important factors affecting the quality of G. subgutturosa habitat. The region within 2000 m of the waterhead with better Populuseuphratica,Tamarixchinensis,and Haloxylonammodendron community was most suitable for the survival of G. subgutturosa, whereas the region at a distance of 2000-5500m from the waterhead was moderately suitable forG. subgutturosa. The regionbeyond 5500 m fromthe waterhead, which was characterized by sparse vegetation, wasnot suitable forG. subgutturosa. The suitable area for G. subgutturosa habitat in the ELWNR was 2339 km² in spring, which accounted for 61.5% of the total area assessed. The suitable habitat area in summer, autumn, and winter was 2880, 2728, and 2862 km², and accounted for 75.6%, 71.7%, and 75.2% of the total area assessed, respectively. Humans in the ELWNR are mainly reserve managers.Even though the regions occupied by humans and G. subgutturosaoverlap to certain degree, human activities do not significantly affectthe survival of G. subgutturosa. The existence of the reserve did contribute to the survival of G. subgutturosa. Owing to human production and development upstream of the ELWNR, water resources have gradually decreased-both the volume of surface waterand the level of underground water have decreased-which might became a main factor affecting the quality of critical habitat for G. subgutturosa. To improve the quality of the critical habitat for G. subgutturosa, both optimized water resources and less human interferences in the ELWNR are needed in future.