In the wake of the large-scale logging of its sub-alpine region, natural secondary forest is one of dominant forest types of western Sichuan, and plays an important role in water conservation in the forests of southwestern China. The moss, litter, and soil produced by different management regimes (e.g., clearing and pruning, clearing and replanting, and no disturbance) have been measured and sampled, and their hydrological effects on Betula spp. forests and mixed forests with Abies faxoniana and Betula spp. have been analyzed. The results of this study revealed that the maximal water holding rate (MWHR) of moss from clearing and pruning was significantly higher than that from no disturbance, but the cumulated mass (CM) of moss from clearing and pruning was significantly lower than that from no disturbance, and the maximal water holding capacity (MWHC) of moss was no different between forest types or between clearing and pruning mode and no disturbance mode. In Betula spp. forests managed by clearing and replanting, the MWHR and CM of moss was lower, but not significantly so, while the MWHC of moss was significantly lower than that in the undisturbed plots of the same forest type. In addition, there was no significant difference between the hydrological effects of both mixed forests with Abies faxoniana and Betula spp. Under the two regimes including active management, the MWHR of the litter and the soil water holding capacity both increased, the CM of the litter and soil bulk density decreased, but MWHC of litter was not significantly different between artificial mode and undisturbed mode. The performance of the clearing and pruning regime was more significantly better than that of clearing and replantation regime. From short-term effects for 4 years, the woodland's capacity to facilitate water conservation was increased by both the clearing and pruning regime and the clearing and replantation regime, in both Betula spp. forests and fixed forests with Abies faxoniana and Betula spp. The performance of the clearing and pruning regime was more significant than those of the other management regimes. Over the long term, the hydrological and ecological effects of different management regimes on natural secondary forests requires further investigation.