Taxonomic diversity based on the phylogenetic system directly reflects species diversity with evolutionary information, considering evolutionary and taxonomic hierarchies among species in a community. It can also indirectly indicate if community structure and components are affected by habitat and disturbance. Thus, it can indicate whether a community or ecosystem is degraded. Furthermore, taxonomic diversity is robust and minimally influenced by different sampling methods and sampling areas compared to the traditional species diversity indices (e.g., Shannon index).Pinus tabulaeformis is an important specie of timbers and ecological trees in North China, and distributed widely in Shanxi. To explore the taxonomic diversity of P. tabuliformis communities in Shanxi, we investigated 113 stands in Shanxi, in which 357 species belonging to 227 genera, 71 families, 36 orders, 4 classes, and 3 phyla were recorded. The compositions of genera and species within families exhibited differences. The dominant family including the most genera and species was Compositae (31 genera and 50 species). Most of the species belongs to the genusArtemisia (11 species). In addition, we selected the average taxonomic difference index (Δ⁺) and taxonomic difference variation index (Λ⁺) to measure taxonomic diversity, then discussed the relationships between taxonomic diversity indices and environmental factors. The results indicated that the expected values of Δ⁺ and Λ⁺ were 53 and 280, respectively. Based on the distributions of 113 stands in the confidence funnel, the Δ⁺ value of 89.5% and all the Λ⁺ values were above the expected values of Δ⁺ and Λ⁺, which suggested that species composition of the P. tabuliformis communities had more distant relatives and belonged to different taxa. The evenness of P. tabuliformis communities was low, given that most species belonged to a small number of families (e.g., Compositae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Gramineae). The community factors (DBH, density, and number of species) and microtopography factors (aspect and slope position) were the most important factors influencing the taxonomic diversity index, followed by macrotopography factors (latitude and altitude). DBH had a highly significant and positive correlation with Δ⁺ and Λ⁺ (P<0.01); the relationship between slope, aspect, and Δ⁺ was highly significant (P<0.01). The slope position had a significant correlation with Δ⁺ (P<0.05) and highly significant correlation with Λ⁺ (P<0.01). The relationships between Δ⁺, total nitrogen, and soil organic carbon were highly significant and positive correlations (P<0.01). The correlation of macrotopography factors with Δ⁺ and Λ⁺ was not significant (P>0.05). We concluded that most P. tabuliformis communities in Shanxi were in the steady growth stage. The species composition was relatively stable, although there were taxonomic differences to some degree within species distributed mainly in a few of the larger taxa.