In this study, the hydrology, sediment and vegetation factors of mangrove communities in Qiao Island after a cold damage in 2008 and five years after the recovery and reconstruction were selected and compared longitudinally. Furthermore, the water environment indicators (e.g., water pH, COD, DO, TSS, TIN and PO₄-P) and the sediment indicators (e.g., sediment pH, Eh and OM) of different types of mangrove communities were compared laterally. With the attempt to make up for the lack of research on hydrology, sediment and vegetation process factors (especially the hydrological) of the mangrove wetland, this paper selects some water environment indicators which account for a larger proportion (about two-thirds) of the independent variables. On this basis, the canonical correlation analysis was conducted by combining the hydrology, sediment and vegetation process indexes of various types of mangrove communities. The results shows that the canonical correlation analysis is used for explaining the relationship between biological process characteristics and habitat factors of the various types of mangrove communities in Qiao Island Dawei Bay after a cold damage and five years after the recovery and reconstruction. The effect is good. The first four canonical correlation coefficients of the independent variables could explain the vast majority (above 80%) of the information of standard variables. The various types of mangrove communities in Qiao Island Dawei Bay all exhibit different levels of growth after five years' reconstruction, among which Sonneratia apetala community in the medium tide and Aegiceras corniculatum-Phragmites australis community in the high tide expand the fastest. The area of them has increased 26.58hm² and 23.1hm² respectively. However, the area of Spartina alterniflora community has decreased 31.51hm², which is owing to the expansion and suppression of the mangrove communities of Sonneratia apetala etc. The water pH, sediment pH, OM, DO and COD show strong positive correlation with the crown breadth, diameter at breast height, base diameter, height and coverage, and other factors, while the water environment indicators such as PO₄-P, TSS and TIN are negatively related to the biological process variables successively. The suspended solids and nutrient elements of the waters could be fixed by the mangrove wetland ecosystem in Zhuhai Qiao Island Dawei Bay obviously. Nevertheless, the biological process of vegetation has been affected by hydrology and sediment factors (especially the hydrological) greatly, among which pH (including water pH and sediment pH) could make the greatest impact. The low-medium tide and surface sediment's habitat conditions of neutral and weak alkalinity are more suitable for the early recovery of mangrove plant community of Sonneratia apetala, Acanthus ilicifolius etc.