The simplification of agricultural landscape associated with agricultural intensification may have significant effects on economically important insect pests. It is essential to clarify the landscape factors that significantly impact the populations of these pests, which forms the basis of pest control through habitat management. In the current study, 24 counties of Shandong province were selected as sampling units. The landscape indices of each county were calculated from the distribution of land coverage types, which were obtained by analyzing data from remote satellite sensing. Populations of white mites were also surveyed in each county during 2008-2010. The relationships between the average annual abundance of wheat mites (Penthaleus major Duges and Petrobia latens Müller) and landscape indices were examined by correlation analysis. The results showed that landscape indices had significant effects on the populations of wheat mites, and the responses of P.major and P.latens to the landscape indices were species-specific. The P.latens population was positively correlated to the LPI (Largest Patch Index) and MPA (Mean Patch Area) in the forest class, and was negatively correlated to the shape in the forest class and to the LSI (Landscape Shape Index) in the water class. The P.major population was negatively correlated with CA (Total Class Area), PLAND (Percentage of Landscape), and LPI of the water class and with the MPA of county. However, the edge effects of the water class had positive effects on the populations of P.major. Therefore, in region with higher population of wheat mites, the water and forest class close to the farmland should be optimized to control the wheat mite populations through ecological regulation and management.