Urban-rural fringe is a special zone that evolved from the suburbanization accompanying intensified land use changes from agricultural to non-agricultural land. Nitrogen in the soil of urban-rural fringe is an important nitrogen source and sink for urban and suburban ecosystems. The nitrogen content changes not only affect greenhouse gas emissions, but also threaten plant nitrogen supply and water ecosystems. However, in suburb urbanization, the proportion of non-agricultural land, construction land, and road land exhibited a successive increase. Currently, the mechanism of spatial distribution of soil nitrogen, caused by an increase in non-agricultural land, remains unclear. In the present study, the 3S platform was used to investigate the spatial distribution of soil nitrogen and its influencing factors in the urban-rural fringe of the western suburbs of Chengdu. Results showed that the average contents of soil total nitrogen (STN), nitrate (NO₃^--N), and ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) were (1.46±0.06) g/kg, (50.04±3.59) and (6.72±0.53) mg/kg, respectively. In the investigated region, average content of soil nitrogen gradually increased from the inner to the outer suburbs. The STN and NO₃^--N distribution in the inner suburbs were higher than those of the northern and southern areas. High STN(>1.5 g/kg) and soil NO₃^--N(> 62.2 mg/kg) values presented mass distribution in the eastern suburbs. In addition, NH₄⁺-N in soil gradually increased from the northwest or southeast to the center, and the high values(> 8.5 mg/kg) presented irregular piece distribution in the eastern suburbs. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the difference of STN, NO₃-N, and NH₄⁺-N contents were significant under different land use patterns (P < 0.01). The STN content in vegetable fields was the highest (> 1.8 g/kg), followed by rape fields, gardens, and woodland (1.5-1.8 g/kg). Garlic fields and idle land were relatively moderate (1.0-1.5 g/kg), and residential land and urban green land were relatively low (< 1.0 g/kg). NO₃^--N content was ranked as residential land > vegetable field > garlic field > garden > rape field > idle field > woodland > urban green land. NH₄⁺-N content was ranked as vegetable field > woodland > garden > rape field > garlic field > residential land > idle field > urban green land. Correlation analysis indicated that average STN content and building density (BD) showed a negative linear correlation (P <0.05), and similar linear correlation was also observed between STN and road density (RD) (P < 0.05). NO₃^--N content in soil and road density showed a negative correlation (P = 0.001). However, the correlation was not significant between NO₃^--N and the building density (P = 0.217) after being analyzed using different curve models. NH₄⁺-N content and building density showed a significant negative linear correlation (P = 0.001), and a significant exponential correlation existed in NH₄⁺-N content and the road density (P = 0.021). Therefore, a significant effect on the development of urban distribution of soil nitrogen was observed, that was potentially strengthened by increasing road lengths and building areas. It can be suggested that the monitoring and management of soil nitrogen should be enhanced, and the cycling of soil nitrogen, atmospheric nitrogen, and water nitrogen should be investigated in future studies.