The ecological environment is the main source of human survival and development, and also bears the waste and results of various human activities. A healthy ecological environment is the most important prerequisite not only for human development, but also for human survival and social stability. Currently, however, China is experiencing worsening environmental problems. While the situation seems to be improving at the local scale, the overall speed of deterioration far outpaces the rate of damage control, and the ecological damage is increasing. The ecological deficit is gradually expanding, and the harm caused by environmental pollution and destruction is becoming increasingly obvious. An ecological civilization is composed of a population and culture that value the ecological environment and make an effort to protect it. Therefore, building an ecological civilization is necessary for solving the increasingly serious environmental problems. In China, science, technology, laws, and regulations are being updated, and environmental awareness is being promoted, indicating that it is possible to construct an ecological civilization here. We need to optimize the spatial patterns of land development, adjust the energy structure, promote resource conservation, strengthen the construction system of ecological civilization, promote ecological and environmental protection, and strengthen the transformation of the mode of economic growth in order to effectively solve current environmental issues.