A network of P. sylvestris var. mongolica tree-ring chronologies for plantations in Liaoning province were developed based on the dendrochronological theory and methodology to study the variation of tree growth of artificial forest, and to investigate the mechanisms of the relationships between tree ring growth and climate variations, and the response variations of tree-ring growth and climate factors along regional hydrothermal gradient. The results showed that a consistently and significantly declining trend was found in the radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica from all sample sites in the study region (P < 0.05), generally showed a regional decrease profile from northwest to southeast of the study area. Coincide with the regional gradient variations of moisture condition like precipitation and relative humidity (P < 0.05), the spatial variation of P. sylvestris var. mongolica radial growth showed a stepwise increase from northwest to southeast in study area; the variation of mean sensitivity of these P. sylvestris var. mongolica chronologies in study area negatively correlated with variation of regional annual mean precipitation and annual mean relative humidity (P < 0.05), but the positive correlation with regional annual mean temperature was insignificant. The pine's radial growth in each sampling site was positively correlated with local monthly mean precipitation and monthly mean relative humidity, while negatively with monthly mean temperature, which indicated that moisture condition is an obvious limiting factor for P. sylvestris var. mongolica growth.