The Yellow River Delta is an important reserve of land resources, in which soil salinization is a problem. Grasping the seasonal status of soil water and salt, as well as their microscopic features, is an important foundation for prevention, control, and use of soil salinization. For this study, Kenli County of the Yellow River Delta was selected. Soil water and salt content data were obtained via field survey and lab experiments. The status of soil water and salt, as well as their microscopic features, were analyzed using methods such as statistics, GIS interpolation, and contrasting field observations with data analysis. Our results showed that the general salt content in the study area was mainly moderate. The salt content increased from the soil surface to underground layers, and the correlation coefficients of salt content between different soil layers (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-45 cm and 45-60cm) were significantly positively correlated. The areas with high soil salinity were mainly distributed in northeastern and eastern Kenli County, while the areas with lower soil salinity were mainly distributed in the southwestern and central parts of the county. The order from high-to-low salinity of different vegetation types was as follows: naked land→Suaeda glauca→Sorghum→Reed→Couch grass→Paddy→Cotton→Maize. Microscopic variation of soil salinity was obviously different in different parts of one plot in a paddy field, it varied with distance from the roadside to a cotton field, whether covered with plastic film, at different heights with the micro-topography of bare ground or with different vegetation communities in the same plots. This study provided preliminary delineation of soil water and salt status, as well as their microscopic features, for summer in the study area, and provided a scientific basis for crop cultivation and management, as well as sustainable soil resource utilization in the Yellow River Delta.