Extreme weather events occur frequently under conditions of global climate change. These extreme events are considered by many scholars to be due to climate warming. However, the mechanisms governing extreme weather events as regional responses to global climate change are unclear, as is the attribution of such extreme disasters to particular sources. Globally, the oceans are one of the most important sources of power, heat, and water vapor transmission, and significant variations of the sea surface temperature (SST) will lead to global climate change. Based on 50 years of' meteorological data (1961-2011) for the Lancang region, obtained from the National Meteorological Information Center, the techniques of wavelet analysis, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), mean generating function stepwise regression model, and correlation analysis were used to investigate the link between regional extreme weather disasters in the Lancang River Basin and global climate change from the latter half of the 20th century to the early 21st century. The results showed that various multi-scale features exist in the regional precipitation and storm frequency data with periods of 2, 7, and 15 years, with the 2-year cycle being the most important. The EMD method was considered more suitable than wavelet analysis for determining the main cycles because it was better able to deal with non-stationary nonlinear signals. The IMF1 and IMF2 cycles of precipitation and frequent rainstorms were 2-7 years, which coincided with the ENSO inter-annual variability of the signal. The NINO index, regardless of the frequency of winter or annual heavy rain or drought disasters, showed negative correlation, while the SOI showed positive correlation. The coefficient of correlation between the NINO index and winter and annual drought was close to -0.3.The frequency of drought and extreme temperature events increased significantly with increase in temperature. Thus, climate change and global warming were found to have some connection to one manifestations of the regional response to global climate change. The ENSO index, regardless of the frequency of seasonal or annual heavy rain and drought disasters, showed negative correlation, while the SOI showed positive correlation. The correlation coefficient between the ENSO index, and autumn and winter and annual drought, was close to -0.3. The NINO index showed correlation with heavy rain, and the SOI showed significant negative correlation with heavy rain and obvious correlation with drought. Therefore, it can be concluded that regional heavy rain might be affected by ENSO, whereas the SOI is one of the more important factors determining the occurrence of drought. The influence of SST on drought and floods is actually transmitted via the response of atmospheric circulation. Various statistical, diagnostic, and numerical experiments have proven that SST thermal anomalies influence mid- and high-latitude atmospheric circulation anomalies, which is important evidence supporting the above conclusion. It has been demonstrated that an important link exists between the occurrence of heavy rain and drought disasters in the Lancang River Basin and ENSO.