长白山牛皮杜鹃群落物种多样性的海拔梯度变化及相似性
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长白山科学研究院,长白山科学研究院,长白山科学研究院,长白山科学研究院,长白山科学研究院,长白山科学研究院,长白山科学研究院,长白山科学研究院

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国家"十二五"农村领域科技计划课题(2012BAD22B0401);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20100426)


Elevational changes in species diversity and similarity analysis of a Rhododendron chrysanthum community on Changbai Mountain
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Changbai Mountain Academy of sciences,,,,,,,Changbai Mountain Academy of sciences

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    摘要:

    采用样地调查法,研究了牛皮杜鹃群落物种组成、群落结构特征、物种多样性及其沿海拔梯度的变化规律,对不同海拔牛皮杜鹃群落进行相似性分析。结果表明:(1)牛皮杜鹃群落相同海拔高度,草本层的物种多样性普遍高于灌木层的物种多样性。自海拔1926-1986m,灌木层α多样性指数先降低后升高,1986m后再次降低,到达海拔2010m处达到最低点,适应高山苔原带特殊生境条件的物种逐渐增多,多样性指数开始回升。海拔2250m,生物多样性指数的变化趋于平缓,物种组成相对较为稳定。海拔2528m以上,生物多样性再次呈降低趋势。草本层的α多样性指数中,物种多样性指数SW、丰富度指数D和均匀度指数R沿海拔梯度的变化趋势大致相同。海拔1986m处时出现最小值,海拔2350m时达最大值。牛皮杜鹃群落α多样性指数间呈P < 0.01水平极显著正相关性,物种丰富度指数对群落的物种多样性贡献率最大,表现为丰富度指数(D1、D2) > 种间机遇指数(H) > 生态优势度指数(SN) > 群落均匀度指数(R)。(2) 牛皮杜鹃群落β多样性沿海拔梯度基本呈波形变化,草本层β多样性指数普遍高于灌木层β多样性指数。在牛皮杜鹃群落物种沿海拔梯度的替换速率上,草本植物高于灌木物种。Routledge指数的变化趋势不显著。海拔1986m处和海拔2250m处,草本层Cody指数出现两处极值,海拔2250m以上群落灌木层之间差异和变化较小,Whittaker 多样性指数和Cody指数逐渐趋于平稳。 (3)海拔梯度间生境及群落结构差异性越大,生物多样性变化越明显。海拔高度接近的群落间相似性系数较高,海拔是影响牛皮杜鹃群落差异的主要因素。

    Abstract:

    We analyzed variations in community structure and species diversity of a Rhododendron chrysanthum community along an elevational gradient by using sample plot investigations. In addition, we evaluated the similarity of the Rhododendron chrysanthum community at different elevations. We showed that, at the same elevation, the species diversity of the herb layer was higher than that of the shrub layer. As the altitude increased from 1926 m to 1986 m, the α diversity index of the shrub layer initially decreased and then increased. As the altitude increased from 1986 m to 2010 m, the α diversity index dropped to its lowest value and then increased again, indicating a gradual increase in the number of species adapted to growth under the unique habitat conditions of alpine tundra. At an altitude of 2250 m, we observed gradual changes in the α diversity index and the species composition remained relatively stable. At an altitude of >2528 m, the α diversity index again showed a downward trend. Regarding the herb layer, the Shannon-Wiener index, richness index, and Pielou's index showed similar trends along the elevation gradient. The diversity index was lowest at an altitude of 1986 m and highest at an altitude of 2350 m. The α diversity index of the community was significantly positively correlated (P < 0.01). The greatest contribution to the α diversity index was determined for the species richness, followed by Hurlbert's index, Simpson's index, Pielou's index, and the richness index. The β diversity of the Rhododendron chrysanthum community showed waveform changes along the altitudinal gradient; moreover, the β diversity of the herb layer was generally higher than that of the shrub layer. The replacement rate along the altitudinal gradient was higher for herb species than for shrub species. We determined no significant trends in Routledge's index. At altitudes of 1986 m and 2250 m, Cody's index for the herb layer appeared two extreme. At an altitude of >2250 m, species variations in the shrub layer were small and Whittaker's index and Cody's index showed generally stable trends. Along the different elevational gradients, we observed marked differences in habitat and community structure and clear biodiversity changes. We determined relatively high similarity coefficients for two altitudes with similar elevations. Taken together, our findings imply that altitude is the key factor that influences variations in the Rhododendron chrysanthum community.

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金慧,赵莹,赵伟,尹航,秦立武,崔凯峰,李晓杰,黄祥童.长白山牛皮杜鹃群落物种多样性的海拔梯度变化及相似性.生态学报,2015,35(1):125~133

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