We conducted bottom surveys in Laizhou Bay between May and October 2010 and determined the catch rates, growth characteristics, and spatial patterns of Fenneropenaeus chinensis. We found that the catch rates of F. chinensis had mainly improved because of stock enhancement, and these rates were occasionally positively correlated with the number of individuals released. The data obtained were used to generate length-weight relationship curves and body-length growth curves; these curves were fitted using R (version 3.0.2), and the significance of the fitted factors was tested. The factors a and b of the equation used to calculate the length-weight relationships were significant at P < 0.05), and the factors K, t₀, and L_∞ of the von Bertalanffy growth equation were significant at P < 0.001). The growth parameters of F. chinensis caught on August 4 and July 18, 2010, were as follows:♀:K= 0.0226, t₀ = 37.45 d, L_∞= 200.77 mm, W_∞ = 80.50 g, and t_r = 85.18 d; ♂:K = 0.0419, t₀ = 40.25 d, L_∞ = 145.81 mm, W_∞ = 23.37g, and t_r = 67.24 d, respectively. These findings suggest that, compared with the individuals caught in the 1980s, those in the present study were remarkably smaller, showed accelerated growth, and the turning point for the growth curve had advanced by about a month. In addition, the data for body length collected during a large-scale survey at 32 stations were analyzed using hierarchical clustering. Analysis of the results of clustering using R language with the highest likelihood suggest the existence of two assemblages of F. chinensis in the surveyed waters:the estuarine group and the deep-water group. The F. chinensis communities were analyzed according to their body length. The abundance value of representative method showed that the estuarine group mainly consisted of individuals having a length of 125-135 mm, whereas the deep-water group included individuals having lengths of 115-125 mm and 105-115 mm. This suggests that individuals of the estuarine group were bigger than those of the deep-water group. The estuarine group was mainly found in rivers that have abundant food sources, and the bottom material was mainly composed of organic ooze, which provided protection to F. chinensis. In contrast, the deep-water group was located in the middle-east region of Laizhou Bay, which has rich crab resources, and the bottom material was mainly composed of sand. These factors influenced the growth and protection of F. Chinensis in deep waters.