The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis(Göthe), is one of the most important tea-plant pests that causes significant losses on tea leaf production throughout all growing regions in mainland of China. The multiple occurrences of the overlapping generations of this pest have led to serious infestation on tea leaves. Adults were collected from the thirteen primary tea-producing provinces respectively, with each representing one geographic population in the southeastern China. The complete sequences of the entire mtDNACO I gene (x bp) of E. vitis were compared among 13 populations. The genetic structure of these populations was further investigated based on the CO I DNA sequences. A total of 176 CO I gene complete sequences with 113 variable sites and 105 haplotypes were obtained. The haplotype diversity index (Hd) was 0.9720 among all populations, ranging from 0.804 to 1.000 within single population. The Tajima's D tests for all populations or each single population did not reach any significant level, which suggest that the evolution and the abundance of E. vitison tea plantations remained on quantitative level,which fits well with the neutral model. The Results of ANOVA analyses demonstrated that genetic differentiation of E. vitis mainly occurred within populations. The Mantel test disclosed that the genetic distance among populations was not correlated with the geographic distance. Among the 13 populations, the total genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.03652, the total fixation index (Fst) was 0.10876, and the gene flow (Nm) was 4.097. This indicates that the high level of gene exchange does exist in the different geographical populations, but not in genetic variation. We believe that the massive and frequent transportation and plantation of fresh tea leaves and seedlings in different host plant locations among 13 provinces since the 1990s promote the long-distance migration of E. vitis and reinforce the gene flow among these geographically different populations.