Based on fixed sample plot data form the shrub and monsoon elfin forests in Tongguling on Hainan Island, we selected two permanent plots and set up litter traps to compare litter production, its organ composition, and leaf litter species compositions between the two forest types, as well as to assess the relationships between forest community and litter species composition. The results were as follows: (1) Some differences were noted between the two forest types in total litter and its organ composition. The annual litter amount obtained from shrub forest(6.227 t/hm²) was larger than that from monsoon elfin forests (5.636 t/hm²). Leaf litter was the main component of the litter in both the shrub and monsoon elfin forests, and it is reflective of the litter condition. (2) In the shrub forest, 15 dominant and main leaf litter species were noted, including Acronychia oligophlebia, Oligostachyum nuspiculum, and Aporosa yunnanensis; the leaf litter amount of these species accounted for 77.72% of the total litter. In the monsoon elfin forests, 17 dominant and main leaf litter species were noted, including Syzygium tephrodes, S.acuminatissima, and A.oligophlebia; these species accounted for 71.84% of the total litter. Thus, we showed that the dominant and main species of leaf litter greatly contribute to the total leaf litter in both forests. Relativity analysis of the leaf litter amount and stand characteristic indexes of the dominant and main species in the shrub forest showed significantly positive correlations between the leaf litter amount of both species and their individual numbers, total basal areas, and crown areas. However, in monsoon elfin forests, the leaf litter amount of the dominant and main species showed significant positive correlations with the number of individuals of the tree species. A comparison between community species composition and leaf litter composition showed that, in the shrub forest, the Jaccard similarity coefficient was 20%, while that in the monsoon elfin forests was 25.93%. The similarity coefficients of the two forest types were not high, suggesting that the species composition was not consistent between the community and leaf litter in either forest type. In other words, community species composition has little influence on the leaf litter species composition, showing that the dominant forest species may not be the same as the dominant litter species.