The increase in available burrow density of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) changes the plant community characteristics and distribution pattern of main plant population of Kobresia pygmaea meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A field survey was carried out to determine the effect of available burrow density of plateau pika on plant community characteristics and distribution pattern of main plant population of K. pygmaea meadow. This study showed that the dominant plant of K. pygmaea community were similar, while some associate plants of K. pygmaea community were replaced. The plant height, plant cover, the evenness index and diversity index of K. pygmaea community decreased, while the richness index and aboveground biomass of K. pygmaea community kept stable as the available burrow density of plateau pika increased. The plant cover, density and aboveground biomass of K. pygmaea and Leontopodium nanum population decreased, while the plant cover, density and biomass of Gentiana dahurica and Anemone rivularis var. flore-minors population increased with the increase of available burrow density. The spatial distribution patterns of K. pygmaea and L. nanum changed from aggregation distribution at 8 and 14 available burrows per 625m² to even distribution and random distribution at 34 available burrows per 625m², respectively. The random distribution patterns of G. dahurica and A. rivularis var. flore-minors population at 8 and 14 available burrows per 625m² were replaced by aggregation distribution patterns at 23 and 34 available burrows per 625m². These results suggest that the available burrow density changes the plant community characteristics and distribution pattern of main plant population of Kobresia pygmaea meadow at 14 and 23 available burrows per 625m².