The Manghe Nature Reserve is located in the south of Yangcheng County in Shanxi Province, China (35°12'-35°17'N, 112°22'-112°31'E) and it is -33 km long. It belongs to the southern warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone. It is an area which transforms from warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved vegetation to subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved vegetation. The Manghe Provincial Nature Reserve was authorized by the Shanxi Provincial People's Government in 1983, and the reserve was designated by the State Council of the People's Republic of China in 1988. It is a forest and wildlife reserve whose main protection objects are rhesus monkeys and subtropical vegetation. The rhesus monkey is listed as a class II protected species in China. Protection zones of wild rhesus monkeys in China belong to the north limit of its natural geographic distribution and this distribution area accounts for 40% of the Manghe Provincial Nature Reserve. On account of the abundant natural and cultural scenery, the reserve has increasingly attracted tourists. With the rapid development of tourism however, its vegetation has been damaged by unreasonable exploration and imperfect management. This affects a large number of insects living in the Manghe National Nature Reserve rhesus protection zone, especially the moth community. To gain insight into the structure and dynamics of the insect community in the Manghe National Nature Reserve rhesus protection zone, the species richness and diversity of the moth community were investigated based on collections in four vegetation types: mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, broad-leaved deciduous forest, miscellaneous wood forest, and shrub land from June to August in 2012. A total of 4709 moth specimens were collected, of which 184 species from 24 families were identified. Pyralidae was the dominant family, with the most species and individuals. The highest number of moth species was in shrub land, with 132 species from 20 families, of which Pyralidae was dominant, while the least was in the broad-leaved deciduous forest, with 74 species from 14 families, of which Geometridae was dominant. It was moderate in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and miscellaneous wood forest, among which, the dominant family was Crambidae in the latter, but a dominant family was not obvious in the former. The species richness, abundance, diversity and evenness index of moths in the four vegetation types were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the moth richness index of the broad-leaved forest was lowest, and that the richness, diversity index and evenness index was highest in shrub land but moderate in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and miscellaneous wood forest. Species abundance curves of moths conformed to the lognormal distribution except in the broad-leaved deciduous forest. The Euclidean distance clustering results first divided miscellaneous wood forest and shrub land into one category, which then combines with mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, and then with the broad-leaved deciduous forest. The chi-square distance clustering results clustered the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, miscellaneous wood forest and shrub land and then the broad-leaved deciduous forest. It is extremely important to make better use of the Manghe Nature Reserve resources and this study will provide valuable information for studying and protecting them.