Open-pit coal mining causes rock mass peeling, vegetation damage and of phy-chemical properties change of soil. Severe disturbance makes soil system in mining area the main receptor of soil erosion,landslide and other potential ecological risks. In this study,soil ecosystem of Pingzhuang western open-pit coal mining area in Inner Mongolia was the research object. To find the distribution and changes of ecological fragility,the main phy-chemical properties of soil,the vegetation succession and the characteristics of soil nematode community structure in mining area were analyzed on landscape units. The results indicate the relevance between maturity and stability of soil systems and their lives. Compared with the agro-ecosystem and natural ecosystem undisturbed,however,mining areas and dumping sites have poor soil structure, low soil fertility and less maturity and stability of animal and plant communities. Due to the restriction factors such as soil nutrient condition and microbial quantity,natural recovery of vegetation in mining area is slow and the ecosystem is fragile. Soil reformation,plants selection and nutrient conditions improvement should be suitable to reconstruct vegetation.