The banded elm bark beetle (BEBB), Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is a pest of Ulmus pumila L. This pest, which was first reported in Asia, carries spores of tmhe fungal pathogen that causes Dutch elm disease. In recent years, an extensive elm forest in Yanchi County, Ningxia Province, was severely damaged by the BEBB, resulting in large-scale destruction and death of trees. At least 98% of the mortalities occurred in forestry stations, with the extent of damage similar to that produced by a raging fire. The staff of local bureaus of environmental protection and forestry bureaus implemented various measures to revive these forests; however, their efforts yielded little success. Foreign countries have installed traps to preserve their forests from further destruction due to BEBB infestation. For example, these pests were collected in Colorado, USA, using traps containing attractants for woodborers (i.e., α-pinene and ethanol) as bait, whereas those in Utah were gathered in traps baited with ethanol or the 3 components of the aggregation pheromone of the Eurasian spruce engraver, Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Chemical communication in bark beetles using aggregation pheromones plays a key role in mate location and in harming host plants. However, the components of the aggregation pheromone of the BEBB remain unidentified. To screen the chemicals of the BEBB aggregation pheromone, the volatiles in male and female adult hindguts and feces were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the laboratory and in the elm forest fields in Yanchi County. The volatiles of male adult hindguts mainly contained seven components-tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, dodecanoic acid, and myristic acid of which myristic acid was predominant (42.2%). The volatiles of the female adult hindgut consisted of six ingredients-undecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, octadecane, and nonadecane of which hexadecane (23.3%) and nonadecane (21.5%) were the predominant types. Volatiles in male feces consisted of six components-undecane, dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, and nonadecane-of which nonadecane was predominant (29.9%), whereas those in female feces contained eight chemicals-heptanes, undecane, dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, docosane, and tricosane of which the alkanes accounted for 20.5%. In addition, the responses of adult antennae to 10 μL of individual volatiles at a concentration of 10 μg/μL were measured using an electroantennogram (EAG) detector. Among the various substances examined, dodecanoic acid, myristic acid, and octadecane showed the strongest response. By comparing the EAG values of the substances in the antennae in females with those in males, dodecanoic acid, myristic acid, and nonadecane reached significant levels (P < 0.05) in terms of responses. Both adult males and female BEBB were collected in the field using cross-shaped traps containing chemoattractants from June 25th to July 4th in 2010. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the number of male and female BEBBs captured using dodecanoic acid, myristic acid, and nonadecane. In terms of the trapping effect, octadecane was most effective, resulting in 32.1 adults trapped, followed by dodecanoic acid (24.1 adults), and myristic acid (22.7 adults). Therefore, octadecane, nonadecane, dodecanoic acid, and myristic acid are the most probable main components of the BEBB aggregation pheromone.