Changes of surface soil biochemical properties, aromaticity index, humification degree and enzyme activity for half a year and one year were studied in different logging residue treatments in a clear-cut 35-year-old secondary Castanopsis carlesii forest. Logging residue treatments included residue burned (LB) and residue remained (LR). The research results showed that: after six months, in comparing with LB, soil dissolved organic C, dissolved organic N and microbial biomass C contents in the LR increased by 92%, 105% and 39% respectively. Soil acid phosphatase, β-1,4-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase activities increased by 3.3, 2.8 and 2.1 times. But soil available P content and metabolic quotient in the LR decreased by 42% and 68%. Phenol oxidase activity decreased by 34% (P < 0.05). Compared with the LB, soil aromaticity index (4.99±2.39) was much lower and humification index (1.72±0.01) much higher in the LR. However, there were no significant differences in soil aromaticity index and humification index between the two treatments (P > 0.05). One year later, soil enzyme activities significantly increased in the LB treatment except β-1,4-glucosidase. Contents of soil organic C, total N, dissolved organic C, dissolved organic N, available P, C mineralization rate and humification index in the LB treatment decreased significantly compared with six-month values, especially dissolved organic C and metabolic quotient decreased by nearly 80% and 68%. One year after treatment, soil aromaticity index (10.58±0.34) in the LR increased significantly. Soil available P (1.71±0.12) mg/kg content in the LB was also significantly higher than in the LR,while dissolved organic C, dissolved organic N and soil C mineralization rate in the LR were much higher (P < 0.05). In conclusion, surface soil properties will be influenced by different treatments of logging residue. Logging residues remained will be benefit to improve forest hydrothermal conditions, nutrient cycling of the ecosystems and helpful for soil quality maintenance.