Energy and environmental problem have been the focused issues at present. Being short of livelihood capital, no-commercial energy like firewood and animal manure is the basic livelihood asset on which the rural households rely in poverty-stricken and eco-frangible region. However, unreasonable energy utilization behavior is the most important and direct factor to increase ecological degradation in the eco-fragile area, such as over-harvesting firewood. Now we are in need to discern the impact of key factors on the farmer's energy utilization behavior in order to find the measures to solve the rural energy and environment problems. As the major economic active agent and the most basic decision-making unit, the farmer's livelihood strategies will decide their utilization pattern and efficiency of nature resource. Obviously, the livelihood strategy transition would have far-reaching impact on the pattern of rural household energy consumption, that will bring the new challenge to the energy and environment problem in the rural area. Therefore, we should pay close attention to the impact of livelihood strategy transition on the farmer's energy consumption pattern. We investigate the rural energy consumption characteristics by 217 questionnaires in Ganan plateau. The farmers are divided into three types: the farmer household, the household with combined occupation and the off farming household. Based on the survey data, we use STRIPAT model to analyze the impact of livelihood strategy on the farmer's living energy consumption, and use binary logistic model to analyze the impact of livelihood strategy on the farmer's living energy consumption pattern selection. The results show: (1) With the non-agricultural level improving, the farmer's household energy consumption in Gannan plateau will decline. Among these types of farmers, the energy consumption of the farmer household is 738.08 kgce, but that of the household with combined occupation and the off farming household is 368.34 kgce and 260.49 kgce respectively. Furthermore, following the non-agricultural level increasing, the proportion of biomass energy consumption will reduce, but that of commercial energy consumption proportion will increase. Among these types of farmers, the proportion of biomass energy consumption of the farmer household is 90.11%, but that of the household with combined occupation and the off farming household is 72.18% and 51.59% respectively. However, with household scale expanding, income and per livestock number increasing, the farmer's household energy consumption in Gannan plateau will increase; (2) Non-agricultural level is the most important factor of influencing the living energy consumption pattern, its wald statistics is 14.122. With non-agricultural level improving, the probability of selecting the commodity-energy-based consumption pattern will increase. Moreover, with the farmer's income increasing, education level rising and availability of commodity energy improving, the probability of selecting the commodity-energy-based consumption pattern will increase. However, with availability of biomass energy improving, the probability of selecting the commodity-energy-based consumption pattern will decline. Finally, we provide the measures of optimizing the farmer's living energy consumption pattern, which include developing the non-agricultural industry to promote the farmer's livelihood transition and improve the farmer's consumption ability of commodity energy, improving the infrastructure or perfect energy supply system to reduce the utilization cost of commodity energy, enhancing the farmer' s energy-saving awareness and changing the farmers' living energy consumption idea, and so forth.