Eutrophication of sea water has been regard as one of the major problems that are harmful to our environment and society. Green tide, which is caused by the proliferation of Enteromorpha prolifera, has a major impact on marine ecosystems. Proliferation of Enteromorpha prolifera is the main cause of the green tide. Monitoring the populations of E. prolifera and their dynamic are crucial in the prevention of green tide. Satellite remote sensing image is widely used in the monitoring of E. prolifera because of its timeliness and effectiveness. In this review, we discussed the current research on monitoring of E. prolifera using remote sensing. We considered the optical remote sensing data to be the most popular data used by recent rearchs, and the multi-band ratio method as the most commonly adopted monitoring method. We also discussed the mechanism of monitoring of E. prolifera using remote sensing found that the precision in the interpretation of remote sensing data was relatively low when using the supervision classification method. The single-band threshold method and multi-band ratio method have been widely used despite their shortage in monitoring of the floats of E. prolifera and interpretation of mixed pixels. The radiative transfer model method can improve the accuracy of information interpretation; however, being a newly developed method, it needs further improvements. For better monitoring of E. prolifera, the spatial resolution of images need to be improved in future research. Combining multiple platforms and multi-source remote sensing data are important aspects that could provide more accurate data from E. prolifera monitoring. Further studies on monitoring methods are required to achieve a timely and effective monitoring. Most importantly, we should replace the current qualitative analysis with a quantitative one in order to perfect the remote sensing monitoring and finally establish the early warning system.