南京市生态系统服务的空间流转
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中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖州市发展规划研究院,中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所

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国家自然科学基金(70873120,41130750);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-339)


Spatial transfer of regional ecosystem service in Nanjing City
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Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,,,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS

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    摘要:

    生态系统服务的空间流转研究是生态系统服务研究的重要部分,对于制定区域生态补偿标准具有重要意义。为了衡量地区生态系统服务流转到外部区域的相对价值大小,提出了地区比较生态辐射力概念,利用断裂点公式、指数距离衰减函数,衡量比较生态辐射力的大小。基于南京市主体功能区研究,定量研究南京市各保护型区域的生态系统服务对各开发型区域的辐射力,计算出各开发型区域从不同保护型区域提供的生态系统服务价值比例。结果表明:高淳县、江宁区、溧水县对于白下区、秦淮区比较生态辐射力相对较大,六合区对于鼓楼区、下关区比较生态辐射力相对较大,浦口区对于鼓楼区、秦淮区的比较生态辐射力相对较大。以白下区为例,提出了南京市实施生态补偿建议,根据白下区从外部保护型区域获得的生态系统服务总量,在其提供的生态补偿金中,浦口区、江宁区、六合区、溧水县、高淳县应分别获得总额的22.76%、22.67%、21.50%、17.27%与15.80%。

    Abstract:

    Studies of the spatial transfer of ecosystem services are an important part of ecosystem service research. The present study shows that they can also contribute to both the construction of meaningful ecological compensation standards, and to the appropriate level of these in a particular situation. To determine the comprehensiveness and impact of ecosystem service value transfers in our study areas, we took two factors into consideration, namely, the distance to be covered and the effect that the value of the ecosystem services in each area has on the spatial transfer of those services. Then, we put forward the concept of regional comparative ecological radiation force and a relevant calculation method in order to measure the relative levels of ecosystem service value transfers from inner to exterior zones. Regional comparative ecological radiation force is defined as being the service providing zone impact on service receiving zones through the transfer of ecosystem services. This study used a gravity model, breaking point formula and an exponential distance reduction function to measure regional comparative ecological radiation force. Based on the Major Function Oriented Zone (MFOZ) planning system of Nanjing, we categorized 11 City Districts (including Jianye, Qixia, Xuanwu, Baixia, Qinhuai, Yuhuatai, Gulou, Pukou, Liuhe, Jiangning, and Xiaguan) and 2 Counties (Gaochun and Lishuie) within the city into two zones; development zones and protection zones. The main differences between the two are that development space in the development zones is much larger than in the protection zones, and that conversely, protection zones have much more protection space than development space. Land use data show that Liuhe, Jiangning, Pukou, Lishui and Gaochun are protection zones, and that Jianye, Qixia, Xuanwu, Baixia, Qinhuai, Yuhuatai are development zones. We calculated the comparative ecological radiation force from different protection zones to the development zones, and the proportion of their ecosystem service value that development zones get from the protection zones. The results show that Gaochun, Jiangning, and Lishui receive more regional comparative ecological radiation force than Baixia and Qinhuai, which means that Baixia and Qinhuai receive more ecosystem services from these three zones than from the other protection zones. At the same time Liuhe's regional comparative ecological radiation force is more than that of Gulou and Xiaguan, while Pukou's is more than that of Gulou and Qinhuai. According to the proportion of ecosystem service value that protection zones offer, these results indicate that Pukou contributes the most value, while Gaochun contributes the least ecosystem service value to other zones. Also, because Qixia's own ecosystem service value is high, the regional comparative ecological radiation force of the protected areas on Qixia development zone is small. In order then to assure each region's fair share of development rights, local government should allocate ecological compensation in accordance with the proportion of the ecosystem service different zones provide and receive. Taking Baixia as an example, we see that this city district development zone benefits from ecosystem service function transfers originating in the protection zones of Pukou, Jiangning, Liuhe, Lishui, Gaochun, at the rate of about 22.8%, 22.7%, 21.50%, 17.3% and 15.8% respectively. Therefore, these five protection zones should be eligible for a corresponding level of compensation from Baixia. For the other protection zones, ecological compensation from development zones can be calculated in the same way.

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陈江龙,徐梦月,苏曦,高金龙.南京市生态系统服务的空间流转.生态学报,2014,34(17):5087~5095

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