It is more and more urgent that large scale coal mining is expanding in western area of China, where is of arid and fragile environment. The research progress of environment impacts on the key environmental elements, such as vegetation, soil moisture, underground water and soil from underground coal mining has been analyzed. The research deficiency is that the existing studies mostly focused on single environmental element within local scale without consideration of mining geology condition. The existing research results could not be applied to instruct the mining technology and reduce the environment impacts. Therefore, it is proposed to study the synergies disturbance between the key environmental elements under the influence of coal mining under multi-scales, e.g. working face, mining area, watershed etc. Furthermore, the response mechanism of the environment elements induced by different underground geological conditions has to be discovered, which is significant to develop the environment impact assessment and prediction model for optimizing the mining technology and protecting the arid fragile environment.