Soil organic matter (SOM) and trace elements are important indicators of soil quality for sustainable agriculture. The study of spatial distribution and influencing factors of soil organic matter and trace elements provided references for understanding regional soil characteristics,soil fertility and quality optimization and farmland ecological environment protection. A total of 1021 soils samples were taken in the Nansihu region, China, for SOM and trace elements analysis. The spatial distribution of SOM and these trace elements was determined using geostatistics and GIS technology such as semivariogram, ordinary Kriging interpolation, and spatial analysis methods. Factorings related with the spatial variations including soil types, soils texture, slope, land uses, and land forms were examined. Descriptive statistics showed that SOM averaged 14.66 g/kg with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 13.2%. Among the five trace elements, the average content was highest for Mn (10.66 mg/kg) and lowest for B (0.57 mg/kg). The CV was smallest for Fe(35.1%) and largest for B (96.5%). The normal distribution test showed that B was accorded with normal distribution while SOM, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn conformed to logarithmic normal distribution. Semivariogram analyses indicated that B was of the pure nugget effect, with constant variation in the study scale. SOM, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn displayed strong spatial autocorrelation and the structural factors played a leading role. The spatial correlation distance was 84 m for SOM, and ranged from 162 m (Fe) to 2572 m (Mn) for trace elements. The ordinary kriging interpolation results showed that the overall trend of SOM distribution was gradually decreased from north to south. The higher soil organic matter values were mainly distributed in the flat area. The values of Fe were highest in the northern mountainous area and hilly land (>14 mg/kg) and lowest in the South (3-9 mg/kg). A spatial pattern with higher concentrations in the central area than in the north and south area was observed for Mn, Cu and Zn. This was especially so for Mn ranging from <5 mg/kg on the north and south sides to >13 mg/kg in the central area. No significant spatial variation was observed with B (mostly >0.55 mg/kg).Soil type and topsoil texture were the predominant factors influencing spatial variations of SOM and trace elements except for B. SOM content was highest in the paddy soil. Fe, Mn contents were highest in the cinnamonic soil. Cu and Zn contents were highest in the mortar black soil. SOM increased with increasing clay content. Fe and Mn were highest in heavy loam. Cu was highest in slight loam and Zn was highest in sandy loam. Slope had a certain influence on some indicators, but the effect was small. The organic matter content increased with increasing slope. Land use types had significant influence on SOM, Fe and Cu, but had no effect on Mn, Zn and B. Contents of SOM, Fe and Cu was higher in paddy field. Topographic types had a greater influence on SOM, Fe, Mn and Zn, but had no impact on Cu and B, and the contents of trace elements were higher in depression.