Studying the content and characteristics of soil nutrients and the bryophytes community is crucial to revealing the soil nutrition conditions and the effect of bryophytes on soil nutrient accumulation. In our study we selected Laoheishan, Huoshaoshan, Xijiaodebushan, Wohushan, Nangelaqiushan and Molaushan volcanoes as sampling plots. Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan are new-period volcanoes and the rest are old volcanoes. We arranged 15 quadrats to investigate the habitat distribution and coverage of bryophytes; and tested for total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cl, soil organic matter and pH values in ten surface soil/lapilli samples (0-20cm) collected from those sampling plots.The research results showed that: (1) Bryophyte species were deficient under broadleaf forest on old volcanoes,with coverage of under 1%. There were some common species like Entodon compressus C. Muell., Myuroclada maximowiczii (Borszcz.) Steer et Schof., Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) Fleisch. distributed in humid habitats. Bryophyte species were abundant in old stone forests. There, not only distributed epilithic mosses like Grimmia pilifera P.Beauv., Abietinella abietina (Hedw.) Fleisch., Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) Ehrh. ex P. Beauv., Eurohypnum leptothallum (C.Muell.) Ando; but also many distributed geophilous mosses like Saelania glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. ex. Bom. et Broth., Fissidens cristatus Wils. ex Mitt. and so on. (2) Rhytidium rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb. was the dominant species under Laoheishan volcano forest with coverage of 50%-80%. Abietinella abietina, Weissia edentula Mitt., Haplocladium angustifolium (Hamp.et C.Muell.) Broth., Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth., Pylaisiella polyantha (Hedw.) Grout, Grimmia pilifera, were common accompanying species in this habitat. Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid. was the dominant species of lapilli habitat on Laoheishan volcano with coverage of 45%. Eurohypnum leptothallum, Rytidium rugosum, Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw., Bryum argenteum Hedw., Bryum uliginosum (Brid.) B.S.G. were common accompanying species in this habitat. (3) The dominant species on Huoshaoshan volcano were Rytidium rugosum, Grimmia pilifera, Eurohypnum leptothallum, Polytrichum piliferum Hedw. and Tritomaria quinquedentata (Huds.) Buch, which were distributed in shady spots in cliffs or rock crevices. (4) The total N, S, and organic matter were lowest in the soil collected from new-period volcanoes; while in contrast, the total K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, B, Mn and Cl were highest in new-period volcanic soil. The pH value of new-period volcanic soil was also higher than old volcanic soil. Total P in the different soil samples had no significant differences. The total N, P, S, Cl, and organic matter in volcanic soil were higher than in lapilli. (5) The total N had a significantly positive correlation with total S and soil organic matter; total K with total Mg and total Fe, and total Mg with total Fe also had significantly positive correlations (P < 0.01). Total S has a positive correlation with soil organic matter (P < 0.05). Total N has a significantly negative correlation with total K. Total N with total Zn; total K, S, and soil organic matter; total Ca with Cl; total S with total Zn; total Zn with soil organic matter also had negative correlations (P < 0.05). (6) The N, S, P and organic matter from Huoshaoshan which were covered by bryophytes are higher than those of lapilli. The nutrient contents of roadside soil were less than values obtained from samples from Laoheishan forest, except for Ca and Zn. The N, S and organic matter of samples from Laoheishan which were covered by Rytidium rugosum, Abietinella abietina, Racomitrium canescens, Polytrichum juniperinum, are all higher than the sample which was only covered by Racomitrium canescens.