This paper takes the recycling economy as a theoretical basis and systematically defines the recycling economy and recycling economy of coal mining areas. A basic framework for the recycling economy system in coal mining areas is put forward and a brief analysis of its systematic features is carried out. The author proposes that this is a complex interrelated system involving elements such as the environment, economy, resources, population, science, technology and culture. This paper starts with current problems faced by coal mining areas in China. By looking into the results of research and related references in this field from home and abroad, this paper briefly describes the basic rules and steps of Emergy Analysis and constructs an evaluation system for the eco-efficiency of the recycling economy in coal mining areas. It first sets up an emergy flow evaluation criterion which entails emergy efficiency evaluation criteria, sustainable development index and eco-efficiency index making it possible to analyze and study the sustainability and eco-efficiency of the recycling economy system in coal mining areas. By adoping this evaluation system, the paper carries out empirical research on a coal mine in Shandong province. By looking up statistical yearbooks, coal mine data and empirical surveys, an emergy data chart for the recycling economy system of this mine and an emergy evaluation chart will be presented. On this basis, the author drafted graphs of the variation tendency in emergy efficiency and eco-efficiency index in the five years from 2007 to 2011. Two tables have been devised and the predicted result is basically consistent with the real trends developing in the coal mining area. Finally, the author proposes that for future development, the proportion of investment in the environment should be increased while improving its overall investment so as to realize a coordinated development between the economy and environment, prolonging the useful years of the coal mine and improving the sustainability of the recycling economy system of this coal mine. The results also show that the established evaluation system, based on Emergy Analysis, has a high level of reliability and effectiveness. It will play an important role in advancing the recycling economy, promoting energy conservation and emission reduction and realizing sustainable development of the recycling economy system.