Global climate change had a significant impact on the structure and function of natural ecosystems, socio-economic and human health. At present, climate change has affected infectious disease occur, spread and change, which directly or indirectly affect the incidence trend of infectious diseases from pathogens and their carriers, routes of transmission, and the human body's own resistance. Therefore the climate change can further threat to human health. It is important to understand and detect the relationship between climate change and infectious diseases for preventing and controlling the prevalence of infectious diseases, and the impact of climate change on infectious diseases has been concerned in many scientific communities. The domestic and foreign scholars have made a meaningful exploration and got a lot of valuable results about the spread of infectious diseases caused by the global climate change. In this paper, content about the global climate change has important effects on the geographic distribution of organisms and human health was firstly overviewed. Global climate change altered the scope of the organisms distribution, which increasing the potential distribution area for some certain species and further causing the biological changes of these species in their phenophases. The species which are benefit from the climate change, however, their distribution range will be expanded with the growth of population. And the extreme weather events are an important driving force leading to population fluctuations. Lots of studies have proved that the climate change has a direct and indirect impact on human health, which can increase the incidence of infectious diseases, can expand the distribution range of infectious diseases, and finally can increase the human population susceptibility to diseases. The paper was mainly focused on the analyses about the prevalence mechanisms and propagation processes from some common infectious diseases including malaria, dengue fever, cholera, meningitis, influenza as SARS, intestinal infectious diseases, plague, and schistosomiasis. The qualitative and quantitative analysis methods about the relationships between climate change and infectious diseases were reviewed. Traditional researches were mostly qualitative analyses, the method was relatively simple and lack of sufficient evidence. Currently, the univariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis have got the most commonly used combined with the epidemiological data and the same period of meteorological factors. Moreover, the analyses of principal component regression and stepwise discriminance are applied in recent years. The mathematical modeling and laboratory biology simulation methods are acknowledged as the future methods in this kind of study. There are also some key scientific issues need to be resolved. For example, problems about the data limitations, how to determine the impact factors of human exposure values to climate change, the climate change and the simplification of infectious etiology chain. Finally, the future research and development direction were also discussed based on the current researches and existing problems.