The Peasant Household are the most important actors in rural areas, their living consumption pattern has significant impact on the environment, however, the difference of farmer's living consumption pattern and other factors led to the difference of the environmental impact in space. In order to alleviate the impact of household's living consumption on environment, it is necessary to research the spatial difference of the environmental impact of the household's living consumption. Based on the survey data in Zhangye, this paper analyzes the impact of household consumption on the environment and the reasons for spatial differences. the results shows: (1) the per capita ecological footprint of the peasant household in Zhangye in 2010 is 1.056hm²/people, per capita bio capacity is 1.705hm²/people, per capita ecological surplus 0.649hm²/person;(2) The peasant household's ecological consumption is mainly based on biological resources and fossil-based energy consumption, about 81% of the total ecological footprint, but the construction land and waters consume is lowest, about 1.2% of the total ecological footprint;(3) The overall difference of the peasant household's environmental impact in Zhangye is small, its Gini coefficient is 0.309. But the differences among the five counties is far greater than that of the region inside, its Theil index is 0.442, this kind of difference represents 71.1% of the overall difference, the difference of the region inside is 0.18, accounting for 28.9% of the overall difference. Among them the impact the peasant household's living consumption on the environment in Ganzhou is the biggest difference, Theil index is 0.078; (4)Increasing household living consumption, family size and per capita income will exacerbate the environmental impact, however, improving the labor's education level, social capital and non-agricultural level will mitigate the environmental impact.