Re-vegetation is an effective way to eliminate the fragile ecosystems. Long-term vegetation restoration can promote the ecosystem services of the sandy land. In the present study, Salix cheilophila, a typical sand-fixing shrub species in the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province, was used to investigate the variations of biomass and carbon concentrations in different plant organs and soil depth. Meanwhile, the changes of carbon pools with different stand age (6-,11-,16-,and 21-year old,) were calculated during the re-vegetation process. Characteristics of carbon sequestration of Salix cheilophila plantation ecosystem were discussed. The results indicated that: (1) The total tree biomass increased with the increasing of stand ages. The carbon concentrations among each component showed no significant difference with the increment of restoration time (P > 0.05), while the carbon storage increased significantly with stand ages (P < 0.05). The proportions of carbon pools of different components varied in different stand ages. The carbon storage in the trunk took up the highest percentage compared with all the other components. The carbon storage of 6-, 11-, 16-, and 21-year old stand were 4.95, 9.93, 14.67 and 21.99 t/hm², respectively. The variation of carbon density in different organs ranged from 0.4105 to 0.5087 gC/g for 6-year old stand, from 0.4523 to 0.5342 gC/g for11-year old stand, from 0.4514 to 0.5485gC/g for 16-year old stand, and from 0.4704 to 0.5992 gC/g for 21-year old plantation. The variations of carbon density among the coarse root, middle root and fine root were different in different stand ages. The root biomass of each stands was 2.82, 3.63, 8.12 and 11.21 t/hm², respectively. The carbon storage underground also increased gradually with the increasing of biomass. (2) The soil organic carbon pools exhibited significant difference in the same depth of different ages (P < 0.05). The soil carbon pools were 9.54, 13.03, 17.18 and 19.05 t/hm², increased with the restoration time. The soil carbon pools of 11-year old stand increased 26.78% compared to the 6-year old stand; the 16-year old stand increased 24.16% compared to the 11-year old stand; and the 21-year old stand increased 9.82% compared to the 16-year old stand. The carbon storage of litter layers were 0.27, 0.29, 0.33 and 0.43 t/hm² for each stands, respectively. The ecosystem carbon pools were 14.76, 23.25, 32.18 and 41.48 t/hm² for each stands. (3) The vegetation layer accounted for 33.54%, 42.71%, 45.59% and 53.01% of the total carbon pools; the soil layer accounted for 64.63%, 56.04%, 53.39% and 45.93% and the litter layer accounted 1.83%, 1.25%, 1.03% and 1.03%, respectively. (4) The carbon pools increased 57.05%, 36.52%, 27.75% and 22.42% compared with those before re-vegetation. The net carbon accumulation rates were 1.41, 1.70, 1.79 and 1.86 tC hm^-2 a^-1. As a result, the artificial shelterbelt of S. cheilophila plantation could be considered as a "carbon sink". The study may provide scientific references for sustainable shelterbelts resource management and carbon sink shrubland development during vegetation restoration in the fragile alpine sandy ecosystem.