Soil microbe is the major component of soil throghout the whole process of soil development, and plays a key role in material recycling and energy conversion in soil ecosystem.The living environment for soil microbe is a very sensitive early-warning indicator of changes in soil ecosystem.To approach the impact of intensive and mulching management on soil microbial biomass populations and biomass and to clarify the degradation mechanism of Phyllostachys praecox stand, the test plot was established.With the experiment, microbial composition, microbial biomass carbon (C_mic), microbial biomass nitrogen(N_mic), microbial biomass phosphorus (P_mic) from bamboo stand with different mulching management treatments(6a, 3a, 1a and CK stand) were determined, meanwhile the relationship between soil microbe and soil organic matter(SOM), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), total potassium(TK), available nitrogen(AN), available phosphorus(AP), available potassium(AK) and pH was analyzed, too, and this research will provide theoretical guidance for regeneration of degraded bamboo plantations. The results showed that: (1) Among the microble in Ph.praeox stand soil, bacteria was the dominant, fungi was the next and actinomycete was the least, and accounted for 90.11%-98.03%, 1.04%-9.22% and 0.67%-1.37% of total number for soil microble, respectively.With the time of mulching management extending, the percentage of soil bacteria and actinomycete descended, while the percentage of fungi ascended.Moreover, the quantity of microbe, bacteria, actinomycete, and C_mic, N_mic, P_mic increased firstly then fell, and the difference among all treatments were highly significant, while the number of fungi increased significantly.(2) There were highly significant or significant correlation between soil microbial factors and SOM, TN, TP, AN and pH, and the correlation among soil nutrients and soil microbial factors were positive for CK, 1a and 3a stands, while that was negative for 6a stand.(3) There were different restrictive relationship between soil microbe factors and soil nutrient for CK, 1a, 3a and 6a stand.In the CK stand, SOM, TN, pH, AN and AK played a greater role and mainly affected on C_mic, N_mic and bacteria.While for the 1a stand, SOM, TN, TP and AK had a greater effect on soil P_mic, actinomycete and bacteria.And in the 3a stand, SOM, TN, AP and AN mainly influenced soil N_mic, actinomycete and fungi.Moreover for the 6a stand, SOM, TN and pH proudly affected on soil N_mic and fungi.It could be concluded that based on the results soil obstacle caused by inhibition of actinomycete and bacteria, in addition to promotion of fungi, and changed restrictive relationship between soil microbial factors and soil nutrients were main cause leading to soil degradation for mulching bamboo stand.