The status of farmland impacted by wild boar and the tolerance of wild boar by local residents were investigated in and around Fenghuangshan Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang, China using a questionnaire and on-site investigations from September to October, 2010. Methods included two independent samples analyzed using Mann-Whitey U-tests and multiple independent samples using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, which were applied to compare effects of different factors on the tolerance of wild boar expressed by local residents. The main factors influencing local residents' attitudes toward boars were analyzed by principal component analysis. With regard to the public perception of wild boar populations in and around nature reserve, 57.75% of interviewees believed that the number of wild boars had increased over the last ten years and that damage to farm land was also increasing. Only 25.35% of the interviewees believed the number of wild boars was decreasing. A total of 83.10% of the interviewees thought a lack of natural food for wild boars was the reason farm damage by wild boars was increasing. Most interviewees (97.18%) believed that farm damage occurs on autumn nights when crops were ripening. Furthermore, 84.51% hoped that the government could provide economic compensation for damage caused by wild boars on farms. Only 14.08% of the residents hoped to relocate as a result of wild boar damage to their farms based on the interviews. The results of the analysis of residents' tolerance towards wild boars in and around the nature reserve provided the following data. While 66.19% of the interviewees wished to eliminate or reduce the present population of boars, 63.38% also agreed or absolutely agreed that wild boars require protection within the reserve. Additionally, only 46.48% of the interviewees agreed or absolutely agreed they should be allowed to kill wild boars after boars damage their farmlands. With respect to encounters with wild boars around their villages or in the mountains, the interviewees' attitude to killing wild boars varied little, with 66.20% and 65.59% of interviewees disagreeing or absolutely disagreeing with killing wild boars they encounter in those areas, respectively. The location of residents' encounters with wild boars had no effect on their attitudes to hunting boars. The proportion of farmland income, educational level, farmland area per capita and the extent of cropland destroyed by boars played important roles in influencing residents' tolerance towards wild boars. The timing or number of encounters with wild boars did not influence people's tolerance of boars. This study suggests that land managers should primarily focus on finding solutions to resource conflicts by adopting effective boar damage control techniques based on scientific data. The problems with wild boar damaging farmland in and around the Fenghuangshan Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang are still a legitimate concern of local people. However, the results of the questionnaire and on-site investigation showed that people generally have a strong tolerance of and respect for wild animals and their attitude toward wild animals is rational and reasonable. However, while the conflict between the needs of humans and wild animals in the scramble for living space is still a problem we need to address, the general public's attitudes have changed from past observations. In the past, humans only considered wild animals as an important source of food or they believed wild animals were enemies that caused destruction of crops. Today, people have come to see the need to actively develop methods for humans and wild animals to share the landscape harmoniously. This is also reflected in the survey that shows the progress society has made and the more responsible attitudes of human beings toward the natural world. The goal of this study is to provide effective baseline reference information designed to help resolve conflicts between humans and wild animals and mitigate the contradicting needs of both groups.