In this study, the pit mud of Luzhou-flavour liquor which was used for 1, 50, 100 and 400 years were taken from a factory affiliated to the Luzhou Laojiao Group. Eight mixed samples were sampled from the wall and bottom layers of the pit mud in the cellars. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was employed to analyse actinobacteria community structure and diversity from the samples.For the analysis, 16S rRNA fragments about 400 bp amplified from DNA extracted from the eight mixed pit mud samples. Among all samples, ten stronger bands and few number of less intense bands were detected, only three stronger bands can be amplified from each sample, differences between the DGGE patterns of the different position of pit mud were also detected. On the whole, however, the community of the samples taken from the same position was comparatively similar, and a regular pattern was observed during the community succession. In the same cellar, except the sample used for about 1 year, the diversity index (H) of the wall-layer sample was much higher than the bottom -layer samples', while the evenness index (EH) is opposite. In addition, with the increase of pit age, the H values of the wall-layer sample gradually increased from 1.74 to 2.28, and decreased from 2.07 to 1.73 in the bottom-layer sample. Meanwhile all samples showed a linear trend toward decrease in the EH values, and the variation of EH values of the wall and the bottom layers were between 0.986 to 0.991 and 0.971 to 0.994, respectively. Moreover, the similarity coefficient (S_C) between the bottom layer enhanced with the increasing pit age, ranging from 0.46 to 0.82, and the S_C values of the bottom layer ranged from 0.31 to 0.62. The recovery of DGGE strip series showed the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the ten stronger bands and the typical strains published in Genbank was 90% to 100%, and those sequences belonged to four genera (Olsenella, Atopobium, Streptomyces and Corynebacterium).The three stronger bands that can be amplified from each sample belonged to Olsenella and Atopobium. With the increasing pit age, the dominant degree (d_i) of the three stronger bands in the wall-layer generally decreased, but increased in the bottom-layer. This result revealed the abundant diversity of actinobacteria in the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavour liquor. The actinobacteria community structure and diversity were different among different samples, whereas the community succession is regular. To our knowledge, this was the first time the community and diversity of acinobacteria in pit mud were reported.