Soil health is closely related to the soil mite community. Land use types can alter the soil environment, which could further influence soil biodiversity, including that of soil mites. Soil mites are important indicators of soil condition and anthropogenic impact. In order to explore the relationship between soil mites and agricultural land use types, an experiment was conducted in a traditional agricultural region of north China. Four treatments were included: a routine winter wheat-summer maize rotation field, a one-year vegetable plastic greenhouse, a four-year vegetable greenhouse and a four-year open vegetable field. Each treatment was replicated three times. In May and October 2012, the soils were sampled to evaluate the changes in soil physico-chemical parameters as well as the abundance, diversity and community structure of the soil mites. Mite diversity was tested using the Shannon-Wiener index and taxonomic richness, and a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to elucidate the relationship between the soil mite community, the soil physico-chemical parameters and the treatments. The results indicated that the open vegetable field significantly increased the hydrolyzable nitrogen content and the four-year vegetable greenhouse increased the available phosphorus content. The average mite abundances from each plot were 22568 ind/m² in May and 20155 ind/m² in October. A total of thirty-six soil mite taxon groups were identified. Acaridae were the most abundant at 39%. Other dominant mite taxa included Tarsonemidae, Pygmephoridae, Microdispidae, Laelapidae, Ascidae, Mesostigmata nymph, Scheloribates sp., Tectocepheus velatu, Oppiella sp., Oppia sp.1, Protoribates sp. and oribatid juveniles. These dominant taxa accounted for 91% of mite abundances. The soil mite community analysis showed that Oribatid mites were dominant in the routine agricultural field. From the routine field to the greenhouse, the r-strategic Astigmata, especially the Acaridae, became the dominant assemblage over the K-strategic oribatid mites, which could be attributed to the increase in fertilizer input and human disturbance. The succession was obvious in the new built one-year vegetable greenhouse treatment. However, the mite diversity and Acaridae abundance decreased after the greenhouses were used for four years, which suggested that the accumulation of phosphorus and the more frequent disturbance were unfavorable conditions for the soil mite community. Disturbance also decreased the abundance of Oribatida, Pygmephoridae and Microdispidae. From the routine field to the open vegetable field, management led to a decrease of Oribatida with the four suborders having a similar proportion in the open vegetable field. Compared with the vegetable greenhouses, the open vegetable field had a more equable distribution of the four treatments. In summary, the most serious disturbance and the highest loss of mite diversity occurred in the vegetable greenhouses, compared with the other two land use types. This loss of mite diversity could destroy soil fertility maintenance and self-restoration and have a negative impact on sustainable agricultural productivity. Therefore, although greenhouses can increase yield and income, we should pay more attention to the protection of soil biodiversity in future, especially of the mite community.