This paper researched the interspecific associations between Parus major, which is a forest widespread species, and other four settlement pattern birds (resident, summer migrant, winter migrant and migratory bird) in Beijing Xishan based on the use of 2×2 contingency table, association (similarity) coefficients and fixed strip method. The causes of species-associations were analyzed by reviewing literatures on the nest-building behavior, the feeding behavior and niche characteristics. The method of bird community species-associations was established for the first time in this study. The results showed that:
(1)Analyzing species-associations of bird communities was possible by using the method of field survey, combining qualitative data test and association (similarity) coefficients under day time scale and frequency of species-associations under monthly scale; The bird species-associations had dual properties of temporal and spatial scales, which not only illuminated the temporal-spatial structure characterizations but also reflected the dynamics of these birds communities. At the same time, bird species-associations depended on the plant communities of the habitat.
(2)The result showed that the combination of χ² test, point correlation coefficient (PCC) and percentage co-ocurrence(PC) was an effective way to measure the associations under day time scale. However, because of seasonal dynamic characteristics of the residence, breeding, migration of birds, the bird species-associations had uncertainty.
(3)Significant positive correlation was found in the overall correlation of all species from March to next January, except for August reflecting significant negative correlation under monthly scale. According to the monthly frequency of PCC, the bird communities in Beijing Xishan region were divided into three types: positive association groups, weak positive and negative association groups, negative association groups; With the reduction of species, the species pairs and the complicated degree of interspecific associations showed decreasing trend between the parus major and four settlement pattern birds (resident, summer migrant, winter migrant and migratory bird). The species-associations between parus major and resident: the pairs of parus major and Corvidae showed positive correlation; the pairs of parus major and Paridae showed that weak interspecific association with equipotent positive and negative frequency of PCC tend to form negative correlation; the pairs of parus major and morphological significant lagrer resident (ie, Phasianidae, Picidae etc) showed negative correlation. The species-associations between parus major and summer migrant: the pairs of parus major and Cuculus micropterus showed positive correlation; the pairs of parus major and Parus venustulus, parus major and Ficedula zanthopygia showed weak interspecific association with equipotent positive and negative frequency of PCC; The pairs of parus major and Phylloscopus proregulus, parus major and Phoenicurus auroreus showed negative correlation. The species-associations between parus major and winter migrant: the pairs of parus major and Prunella montanella showed weak interspecific association with equipotent positive and negative frequency of PCC; The pairs of parus major and Turdus naumanni, parus major and most of Emberizidae showed significant negative correlation. The species-associations between parus major and migratory bird: the pairs of parus major and Sylviidae showed that weak interspecific association with equipotent positive and negative frequency of PCC tend to form significant negative correlation.