There are the natures of instability and uncertainty in ecological risk management. Each stakeholder's cognition plays a crucial role in it. For this reason, the coal-mining environment managers need to choose appropriate measures to take stakeholders' interests in account in ecosystem management. But the crucial problems to be solved are how to get and adjust different stakeholders' perspectives on ecological risk and environmental management, and how to quantify their perspectives, and coordinate their conflicts. This research paper focused on coal-mining ecosystem, explored the application of fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) on getting stakeholders' perspectives and graph theory indices on quantifying them, and simulated the different ecological risk management policy options using FCM-based artificial neural network (ANN). The Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping was applied to develop a participatory environmental management model for the typical coal-mining area in Yangquan. The ANN was used to conduct simulations combining the initial state of variables and the adjacency matrix getting from the social condensed map, The results showed that different stakeholders' cognition were distinctly different, managers emphasized national policy and economic interests brought by coal-mining activity, while engineers stressed living standard more, whereas mine workers and local residents paid more attention to the work's safety and their health condition. But it is noteworthy that‘air pollution’and ‘water damage’were the variables which were mentioned by almost all of them. It revealed the severity of ‘air pollution’and‘water damage’. The most central variables in the social condensed map were‘national policy’and‘health’, as well as in the four stakeholder groups. The simulations of policy option reflected that when local governments and enterprises make management decisions in coal-mining ecosystem, they should place an emphasis on protecting farmland, increasing vegetation coverage, improving energy efficiency and recycling waste so as to decrease air pollution, protect water environment and reduce resources waste. It is helpful for learning how different choices affect the coal-mining ecosystem. The results revealed that FCM analysis and ANN simulations could provide useful information for the development of environmental management planning. FCM analysis could help us to understand the varying attitudes among stakeholder groups as they considered environmental issues affecting the ecosystem. In addition, the policy option simulations based on ANN can help the coal-mining environmental managers to choose proper measures to achieve management goals, so as to lay the foundation of ecological environment management mechanism that can harmonize the development of resource, environment and population. Throughout the full text, the FCM method has the advantages: (1) Comparing with the traditional questionnaires, semi-structured interview respects more individual's perception and leaves more space to interviewees. (2) Comparing with the traditional evaluating factor system, the FCM method can get a more accurate causal relationship among each factor. (3) Getting knowledge easily, combining qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation, and expressing cognition and inference well. (4) Getting multi-stakeholders' FCMs and comparing their different perceptions is more convenient. Moreover, this paper expanded the environment management research methods and provided some new ideas and approaches with regional ecological risk management theoretically.